Here are some precautions to consider when welding copper pipes: 1. Proper Cleaning: Before welding, it's essential to thoroughly clean the copper pipe and the fitting where the pipe will be inserted. Use a wire brush or emery cloth to remove any oxidation or residues. A clean surface will allow for a better and more secure weld. 2. Flux Application: Apply a thin layer of flux to the cleaned areas. The flux serves to prevent oxidation that could otherwise occur during the welding process, thereby ensuring a better joint. Be cautious not to apply too much flux, as excessive amounts can cause issues like poor flow and joint weakness. 3. Heat Control: Copper has a high thermal conductivity, meaning it disperses heat quickly. Make sure to control the heat carefully during the welding process. Too much heat can deform the pipe, while too little heat can result in an incomplete or weak joint. Use a consistent, moderate heat to achieve a strong, clean joint. 4. Safety Measures: Always follow safety protocols when welding copper pipes. This includes wearing appropriate protective gear such as safety goggles, gloves, and a welding mask. Additionally, work in a well-ventilated space to dissipate fumes and ensure that there is a fire extinguisher readily available in case of an emergency.